From Essays in Idleness, by Kenko (c. 1283-1352)
Of a man's abilities first comes knowledge of the teachings of the sages, by a clear understanding of literature. Next is hand-writing, which should be studied, even though not as an object in itself, as an aid to learning. Next should be learned the art of medicine. Without medicine, a man cannot care for his own body, nor help others, nor perform his duties to parents and his lord. Next come archery and the riding of a horse, from among the six accomplishments, and they certainly must be given atention. A knowlege of letters, arms and medicine cannot in truth be done without; and a man who will learn these cannot be said to be an idle person. 'Food is man's heaven', and it must be accounted a great virtue in a man to know how to prepare well-tasting food. Next is handicraft, which has a thousand uses. Beyond these, too many accomplishments are a source of shame to high and low. Skill in poetry, talent for music are fine and admirable qualities; but though sovereign and subject may prize them, nowadays a condition of things has been reached where it would seem foolish to [expect to] govern a state by their means. Though gold is superior, it cannot equal iron in the multitude of its uses. -- #122